Найти книгу: "The Reactive"

*Winner of The Betty Trask Award (2018)* Sunday Times Barry Ronge Fiction Prize Finalist*Etisalat Prize for Literature Longlist *One of the Best Books of the Year 2016 — City Press , The Sunday Times , The Star , This is Africa , Africa's a Country , Sunday World Heralded in the author's native South Africa as «the hottest novel of the year,» The Reactive is a clear-eyed and compassionate depiction of a young HIV+ man grappling with the sudden death of his younger brother, for which he feels unduly responsible. Lindanathi and his friends—Cecelia and Ruan—make their living working low-paying jobs and selling anti-retroviral drugs (during the period in South Africa before ARVs became broadly distributed). In between, they huff glue, drift in and out of parties, and traverse the streets of Cape Town, where they observe the grave material disparities of their country. A mysterious masked man appears seeking to buy their surplus of ARVs, an offer that would present the three with the opportunity to escape their environs, while at the same time forcing Lindanathi to confront his path, and finally, his past. With brilliant, shimmering prose, Ntshanga has delivered a redemptive, ambitious, and unforgettable first novel. "[ The Reactive is] a searing, gorgeously written account of life, love, illness, and death in South Africa. With exquisite prose, formal innovation, and a masterful command of storytelling, Ntshanga illustrates how some young people navigated the dusk that followed the dawn of freedom in South Africa and humanizes the casualties of the Mbeki government's fatal policies on HIV & AIDS." —Naomi Jackson, Poets & Writers

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Most reactions in organic chemistry do not proceed in a single step but rather take several steps to yield the desired product. In the course of these multi-step reaction sequences, short-lived intermediates can be generated that quickly convert into other intermediates, reactants, products or side products. As these intermediates are highly reactive, they cannot usually be isolated, but their existence and structure can be proved by theoretical and experimental methods. Using the information obtained, researchers can better understand the underlying reaction mechanism of a certain organic transformation and thus develop novel strategies for efficient organic synthesis. The chapters are clearly structured and are arranged according to the type of intermediate, providing information on the formation, characterization, stereochemistry, stability, and reactivity of the intermediates. Additionally, representative examples and a problem section with different levels of difficulty are included for self-testing the newly acquired knowledge. By providing a deeper understanding of the underlying concepts, this is a musthave reference for PhD and Master Students in organic chemistry, as well as a valuable source of information for chemists in academia and industry working in the field. It is also ideal as primary or supplementary reading for courses on organic chemistry, physical organic chemistry or analytical chemistry.

During the last two decades there has been considerable growth in the development of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as a practical method in the study of reaction mechanisms. This method allows the interception and characterization of key intermediates, either as transient species or as protonated/deprotonated forms of neutral species by API-MS. The outstanding features and advantages of ESI-MS make it one of the most suitable tools for the fast screening of intermediates directly from solution, providing hitherto unavailable chemical information to organic chemists. This monograph provides an overview of the mechanisms involved in ESI-MS, the historical perspectives before looking further in-depth at specific reactions and intermediates. Written by researchers in the field, this book is an unique resource for the understanding of this cutting-edge technique.

The use of secondary interactions for the activation of non-reactive substrates constitutes a new and modern approach in catalysis. This first comprehensive treatment of this important research field covers the entire field and reveals the links between the various chemical disciplines. It thus adopts an interdisciplinary approach, making it of interest to the whole chemical community. A must for organic, inorganic, catalytic and complex chemists, as well as those working with/on organometallics.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of different catalytic reactions applied to the activation of chemical bonds. Each of the seven chapters covers key C-X classes where carbon is combined with another element: chlorine, fluorine, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. The first part of the book discusses homogeneous catalysis in the activation and transformation of C-Cl and C-F, highlighting their basic activation modes, cross-coupling, and intensive mechanisms. The second part of the book focuses on C-N, C-S, and C-O bonds, mentioning their catalytic pathways. Finally, C-H and C-C bonds, their activation, chemical transformations, and applicability are covered. Overall, the book presents methodologies that can be applied to the efficient synthesis of drug molecules and fine chemicals. Through their presentation, the authors show that synthetic chemistry can be done in greener ways that limit hazards and pollution.