Найти книгу: "Democracy Without Justice in Spain"

Spain is a notable exception to the implicit rules of late twentieth-century democratization: after the death of General Francisco Franco in 1975, the recovering nation began to consolidate democracy without enacting any of the mechanisms promoted by the international transitional justice movement. There were no political trials, no truth and reconciliation commissions, no formal attributions of blame, and no apologies. Instead, Spain's national parties negotiated the Pact of Forgetting, an agreement intended to place the bloody Spanish Civil War and the authoritarian excesses of the Franco dictatorship firmly in the past, not to be revisited even in conversation. Formalized by an amnesty law in 1977, this agreement defies the conventional wisdom that considers retribution and reconciliation vital to rebuilding a stable nation. Although not without its dark side, such as the silence imposed upon the victims of the Civil War and the dictatorship, the Pact of Forgetting allowed for the peaceful emergence of a democratic state, one with remarkable political stability and even a reputation as a trailblazer for the national rights and protections of minority groups. Omar G. Encarnación examines the factors in Spanish political history that made the Pact of Forgetting possible, tracing the challenges and consequences of sustaining the agreement until its dramatic reversal with the 2007 Law of Historical Memory. The combined forces of a collective will to avoid revisiting the traumas of a difficult and painful past and the reliance on the reformed political institutions of the old regime to anchor the democratic transition created a climate conducive to forgetting. At the same time, the political movement to forget encouraged the embrace of a new national identity as a modern and democratic European state. Demonstrating the surprising compatibility of forgetting and democracy, Democratization Without Justice in Spain offers a crucial counterexample to the transitional justice movement. The refusal to confront and redress the past did not inhibit the rise of a successful democracy in Spain; on the contrary, by leaving the past behind, Spain chose not to repeat it.

Content

Construction of workshop for painting

Frame molding

Frame primer

Tin works: molding and coating parts, manufactured to order

The sad truth about the details of the primer

Products for painting and their use

Bike frame paint

Painting of equipment

Match colors and creation of custom colors

How to apply the base coat to the effect of granite

Application of airbrushing on the painted surface

The last step: applying a transparent layer of paint

Elimination of defects

Content

Introduction

To paint or not to paint?

Remove paint or not?

Body work

Equipment for painting at home

Modern products for painting

Preparing, grinding and protection of non-staining body panels

The miracle in one day

"Strip-painted"

Full range of works

Do not stop there

Primary and secondary grinding

Полный вариант заголовка: «De la justice criminelle en France : d'apres les lois permanemtes, les lois d'exception, et les doctrines des tribunaux / par M. Berenger».

Полный вариант заголовка: «Account of the war in Spain and Portugal, and in the south of France : from 1808, to 1814 inclusive / by John T. Jones».

Уникальная пошаговая реконструкция славного пути главной металлической группы планеты. Все, что нужно знать о «Metallica», – в блестящем исследовании известного музыкального критика и настоящего металлиста Джоэла Макайвера.