Найти книгу: "Books Without Borders in Enlightenment Europe"

Though the field of book history has long been divided into discrete national histories, books have seldom been as respectful of national borders as the historians who study them—least of all in the age of Enlightenment when French books reached readers throughout Europe. In this erudite and engagingly written study, Jeffrey Freedman examines one of the most important axes of the transnational book trade in Enlightenment Europe: the circulation of French books between France and the German-speaking lands. Focusing on the critical role of book dealers as cultural intermediaries, he follows French books through each stage of their journey—from the French-language printing shops where they were produced, to the wholesale book fairs in Leipzig, to retail book shops at locations scattered widely throughout Germany. At some of those locations, authorities reacted with alarm to the spread of French books, burning works of the radical French Enlightenment and punishing the booksellers who sold them. But officials had little power to curtail their circulation: the political fragmentation of the German lands made it virtually impossible to police the book trade. Largely unimpeded by censorship, French books circulated more freely in Germany than in the absolutist monarchy of France. In comparison, the flow of German books into the French market was negligible—an asymmetry that corresponded to the hierarchy of languages in Enlightenment Europe. But publishers in Switzerland produced French translations of German books. By means of title changes, creative editing, and mendacious advertising, the Swiss publishers adapted works of the German Enlightenment for an audience of French-readers that stretched from Dublin to Moscow. An innovative contribution to both the history of the book and the transnational study of the Enlightenment, Freedman's work tells a story of crucial importance to understanding the circulation of texts in an age in which the concept of World Literature had not yet been invented, but the phenomenon already existed.

Content

Construction of workshop for painting

Frame molding

Frame primer

Tin works: molding and coating parts, manufactured to order

The sad truth about the details of the primer

Products for painting and their use

Bike frame paint

Painting of equipment

Match colors and creation of custom colors

How to apply the base coat to the effect of granite

Application of airbrushing on the painted surface

The last step: applying a transparent layer of paint

Elimination of defects

Content

Introduction

To paint or not to paint?

Remove paint or not?

Body work

Equipment for painting at home

Modern products for painting

Preparing, grinding and protection of non-staining body panels

The miracle in one day

"Strip-painted"

Full range of works

Do not stop there

Primary and secondary grinding

Письмо предшествовало публикации французского перевода «Накануне», печатавшегося в XVII–XVIII томах «Revue Europeenne» за 1861 г. Перевод был выполнен И. Делаво, переводчиком многих произведений Тургенева.

The book is a collection of papers presented at the conference «Russia and Norway: Physical and Symbolic Borders» held in St Petersburg in April 2005 in connection with the opening of the exhibition «Norway – Russia. Neighbours through the ages». In the book different aspects of the history of the Norwegian-Russian border are covered by historians from Moscow, St Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Copenhagen, Cambridge, Bergen and Tromso. The papers are diverse and refer to different chronological periods. One group of articles deals with problems connected with the medieval border treaties between Norway and Novgorodian Russia, others with the diplomatic history of the border convention of 1826, as well as its effect on ethnic minorities living in the border area. One author addresses the present-day delimitation controversy between Norway and Russia in the Barents Sea. Other articles deal with symbolic borders, for example, barriers in translating Russian literature into Norwegian, and borders between the two cultures, experienced by the Russian emigrants in Norway after the Russian Revolution. And finally, there are articles without explicit references to the concept of borders, where the authors investigate in more general terms different aspects of Norwegian-Russian relations.

Полный вариант заголовка: «A picturesque tour through part of Europe, Asia, and Africa : containing many new remarks on the present state of society, remains of ancients edifices, & c. / written by an Italian gentleman : with plates after designs by James Stuart». Примечание: Живописное путешествие по Европе, Азии и Африке...