Найти книгу: "Asymmetric Organocatalysis"

Asymmetric catalysis represents still one of the major challenges in modern organic chemistry. Besides the well-established asymmetric metal-complex-catalysed syntheses and biocatalysis, the use of «pure» organic catalysts turned out to be an additional efficient tool for the synthesis of chiral building blocks. In this handbook, the experienced authors from academia and industry provide the first overview of the important use of such metal-free organic catalysts in organic chemistry. With its comprehensive description of numerous reaction types, e.g., nucleophilic substitution and addition reactions as well as cycloadditions and redox reactions, this book targets organic chemists working in industry and academia, and deserves a place in every laboratory.

In this work I look how the conflicts influence on the market structure and its peculiar communication. At the same time is appraised the semiotic substance and power of the signs for the interpretation of a coercive changing economic reality. In the specific aspects of examination are included typical moments of military confrontation in Ukraine and in the territories, where Islamic State has activity. Some observations of the wars in ex-Yugoslavia from the 90s are also included.

Sets forth an important group of environmentally friendly organic reactions With contributions from leading international experts in organic synthesis, this book presents all the most important methodologies for stereoselective organocatalysis, fully examining both the activation mode as well as the type of bond formed. Clear explanations guide researchers through all the most important methods used to form key chemical bonds, including carbon-carbon (C–C), carbon-nitrogen (C–N), and carbon-halogen (C–X) bonds. Moreover, readers will discover how the use of non-metallic catalysts facilitates a broad range of important reactions that are environmentally friendly and fully meet the standards of green chemistry. Stereoselective Organocatalysis begins with an historical overview and a review of activation modes in asymmetric organocatalysis. The next group of chapters is organized by bond type, making it easy to find bonds according to their applications. The first of these chapters takes a detailed look at the many routes to C–C bond formation. Next, the book covers: Organocatalytic C–N bond formation C–O bond formation C–X bond formation C–S, C–Se, and C–B bond formation Enantioselective organocatalytic reductions Cascade reactions forming both C–C bonds and C–heteroatom bonds The final chapter is devoted to the use of organocatalysis for the synthesis of natural products. All the chapters in the book are extensively referenced, serving as a gateway to the growing body of original research reports and reviews in the field. Based on the most recent findings and practices in organic synthesis, Stereoselective Organocatalysis equips synthetic chemists with a group of organocatalytic reactions that will help them design green reactions and overcome many challenges in organic synthesis.

This comprehensive review of cinchona-based chiralilty inducers and their applications covers every topic, including ligands, immobilization and organocatalysis. Each chapter summarizes the scope and limitations of the new methods and technologies, while the final chapter contains carefully selected working procedures of cinchona alkaloid-promoted reactions organized according to reaction type. Invaluable reading for anyone wanting to learn about the current state of this hot topic.

This book addresses the use of ionic liquids in biotransformation and organocatalysis. Its major parts include: an overview of the fundamentals of ionic liquids and their interactions with proteins and enzymes; the use of ILs in biotransformations; non-solvent applications such as additives, membranes, substrate anchoring, and the use of ILs in organocatalysis (from solvents to co-catalysts and new reactivities, as well as non-solvent applications such as anchoring and immobilization).

A comprehensive, practical approach to three powerful methods of polymer analysis and characterization This book serves as a complete compendium of three important methods widely used for the characterization of synthetic and natural polymers—light scattering, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (A4F). Featuring numerous up-to-date examples of experimental results obtained by light scattering, SEC, and A4F measurements, Light Scattering, Size Exclusion Chromatography and Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation takes an all-in-one approach to deliver a complete and thorough explanation of the principles, theories, and instrumentation needed to characterize polymers from the viewpoint of their molar mass distribution, size, branching, and aggregation. This comprehensive resource: Is the only book gathering light scattering, size exclusion chromatography, and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation into a single text Systematically compares results of size exclusion chromatography with results of asymmetric flow field flow fractionation, and how these two methods complement each other Provides in-depth guidelines for reproducible and correct determination of molar mass and molecular size of polymers using SEC or A4F coupled with a multi-angle light scattering detector Offers a detailed overview of the methodology, detection, and characterization of polymer branching Light Scattering, Size Exclusion Chromatography and Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation should be of great interest to all those engaged in the polymer analysis and characterization in industrial and university research, as well as in manufacturing quality control laboratories. Both beginners and experienced can confidently rely on this volume to confirm their own understanding or to help interpret their results.