Найти книгу: "Physical and Chemical Aspects of Organic Electronics"

Organic molecules are currently being investigated with regard to their application as active components in semiconductor devices. Whereas devices containing organic molecules for the generation of light – organic light emitting diodes (OLED) – have already reached the market (they e.g. display information on mobile phones), transistors where organic molecules are used to actively control currents and voltages are still in the development stage. In this book the principle problems related to using organic materials as semiconductors and to construct functioning devices will be addressed. A particular emphasis will be put on the difference between inorganic semiconductors such as Si, Ge and GaAs and organic semiconductors (OSC). The special properties of such soft matter require particular approaches for processing characterization and device implementation, which are quite different from the approach used for conventional semiconductors.

This book originated as a collection of feature articles, previously published as magazine articles. They were chosen for publication in book form not only because they were so popular with readers in their original magazine appearances but also because they are so relevant in the field of introductory electronics — a subject area in which it is evermore difficult to find information of a technical, knowledgeable, yet understandable nature. This book is exactly that. Since its original publication, I have added significant new material to make sure it is all still highly relevant and up-to-date.

The question about the source of additional income has always been central in identifying the essence of entrepreneurship. For the study of any dynamical and structural extensive system requires a lot of intellectual effort. Having learned the essence, identifying potential internal and external display can clearly represent the structure and dynamics of the phenomena deduced. Specifying the study by examining the individual elements, and identifying cause-effect relationship of the dynamic state of the phenomenon and the world around him. International entrepreneurship as a phenomenon involved in the activity in many areas of society. The knowledge of his nature will allow all stakeholders to harmonize the internal mental processes and environmental reality. The consumer uses to access the world's goods. The entrepreneur is critical and represents their innovative ideas. Businessman realizes in practice commercial projects. The State creates conditions for personal development and political and economic means affect the cross-border commodity and cash flows, international payments.

As part of the dynamics of international economic cooperation by the need for mutual settlement operations, so the problem of organization of settlements is an important place for the economically active subjects, especially in a globalized economic space in the functioning of transnational structures and scale of the export, import and international financial transactions. In agreeing on the order of calculations, the participants determined the form of payment in order to fulfill the financial obligations of the agreement – regulated by means of voluntary compliance through a credit institution liabilities, characterized by specific features on the order of transfer of funds to the account, a certain kind of settlement document, as well as office procedures. The source of payment relations is the need to have one contractor expressed in the appropriate disposition, the other in shortage. This relationship gives rise as a consequence of the relationship with the lending institution. Need to accession will intensify in the subjects of international payment relationship.

Книга посвящена применению программ Electronics Workbench фирмы Interactive Image Technologies (Канада) и VisSim корпорации Visual Solutuin Inc. (США) для моделирования элементов телекоммуникационных систем: модуляторов/демодуляторов, кодеков, каналов связи, цифровых фильтров, устройств синхронизации, отдельных функциональных узлов, устройств беспроводной связи (Wireless) IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth и др. Книга может быть использована в качестве учебного пособия при проведении лабораторных работ по указанным элементам и в этом качестве будет полезной для преподавателей и учащихся средних и высших учебных заведений, а также для инженеров-разработчиков и радиолюбителей. (Компакт-диск прилагается только к печатному изданию.)

The book is a collection of papers presented at the conference «Russia and Norway: Physical and Symbolic Borders» held in St Petersburg in April 2005 in connection with the opening of the exhibition «Norway – Russia. Neighbours through the ages». In the book different aspects of the history of the Norwegian-Russian border are covered by historians from Moscow, St Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Copenhagen, Cambridge, Bergen and Tromso. The papers are diverse and refer to different chronological periods. One group of articles deals with problems connected with the medieval border treaties between Norway and Novgorodian Russia, others with the diplomatic history of the border convention of 1826, as well as its effect on ethnic minorities living in the border area. One author addresses the present-day delimitation controversy between Norway and Russia in the Barents Sea. Other articles deal with symbolic borders, for example, barriers in translating Russian literature into Norwegian, and borders between the two cultures, experienced by the Russian emigrants in Norway after the Russian Revolution. And finally, there are articles without explicit references to the concept of borders, where the authors investigate in more general terms different aspects of Norwegian-Russian relations.