Найти книгу: "Biomarker Validation"

Built on a decade of experience with novel molecular diagnostics, this practice-oriented guide shows how to cope with validation issues during all stages of biomarker development, from the first clinical studies to the eventual commercialization of a new diagnostic test.

В реальных изображениях лиц большие визуальные вариации, такие как различия в выражении лица, его позиции, разный масштаб и освещение, наличие преград перед лицами и другие, вызывают трудности при отличии лица от фона изображения. В результате возникают области изображений, которые неправильно распознаются как лица (ошибки первого рода), тогда как эффективность алгоритмов распознавания лиц характеризуется низким числом таких ошибок, высокой скоростью обнаружения лиц и высокой скоростью обработки изображений. Таким образом, чтобы уменьшить число описанных областей, вместо того, чтобы разрабатывать точный алгоритм обнаружения лиц, который требует больших временных затрат на работу, после первичного обнаружения лиц будет добавлен этап их валидации. В настоящей статье предлагается новый быстрый метод валидации лиц. Он состоит из двух этапов: первый – определение кожи с использованием метода анализа значений YCbCr-цвета; второй шаг – обнаружение глаз и рта с использованием каскадного подхода. На втором этапе область лица-кандидата делится на две перекрывающиеся области, одна для модели обнаружения глаз, а другая для модели обнаружения рта. Алгоритм обнаружения лиц, основанный на методе опорных векторов, использовался для сравнения с предлагаемым решением. Результаты экспериментов на наборе данных FDDB показали лучшую производительность предлагаемого метода (время валидации 2 мс по сравнению с 500 мс у алгоритма, основанного на методе опорных векторов) при схожем числе ошибок первого рода.

Systems' Verification Validation and Testing (VVT) are carried out throughout systems' lifetimes. Notably, quality-cost expended on performing VVT activities and correcting system defects consumes about half of the overall engineering cost. Verification, Validation and Testing of Engineered Systems provides a comprehensive compendium of VVT activities and corresponding VVT methods for implementation throughout the entire lifecycle of an engineered system. In addition, the book strives to alleviate the fundamental testing conundrum, namely: What should be tested? How should one test? When should one test? And, when should one stop testing? In other words, how should one select a VVT strategy and how it be optimized? The book is organized in three parts: The first part provides introductory material about systems and VVT concepts. This part presents a comprehensive explanation of the role of VVT in the process of engineered systems (Chapter-1). The second part describes 40 systems' development VVT activities (Chapter-2) and 27 systems' post-development activities (Chapter-3). Corresponding to these activities, this part also describes 17 non-testing systems' VVT methods (Chapter-4) and 33 testing systems' methods (Chapter-5). The third part of the book describes ways to model systems’ quality cost, time and risk (Chapter-6), as well as ways to acquire quality data and optimize the VVT strategy in the face of funding, time and other resource limitations as well as different business objectives (Chapter-7). Finally, this part describes the methodology used to validate the quality model along with a case study describing a system’s quality improvements (Chapter-8). Fundamentally, this book is written with two categories of audience in mind. The first category is composed of VVT practitioners, including Systems, Test, Production and Maintenance engineers as well as first and second line managers. The second category is composed of students and faculties of Systems, Electrical, Aerospace, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering schools. This book may be fully covered in two to three graduate level semesters; although parts of the book may be covered in one semester. University instructors will most likely use the book to provide engineering students with knowledge about VVT, as well as to give students an introduction to formal modeling and optimization of VVT strategy.

This book is designed to introduce biologists, clinicians and computational researchers to fundamental data analysis principles, techniques and tools for supporting the discovery of biomarkers and the implementation of diagnostic/prognostic systems. The focus of the book is on how fundamental statistical and data mining approaches can support biomarker discovery and evaluation, emphasising applications based on different types of «omic» data. The book also discusses design factors, requirements and techniques for disease screening, diagnostic and prognostic applications. Readers are provided with the knowledge needed to assess the requirements, computational approaches and outputs in disease biomarker research. Commentaries from guest experts are also included, containing detailed discussions of methodologies and applications based on specific types of «omic» data, as well as their integration. Covers the main range of data sources currently used for biomarker discovery Covers the main range of data sources currently used for biomarker discovery Puts emphasis on concepts, design principles and methodologies that can be extended or tailored to more specific applications Offers principles and methods for assessing the bioinformatic/biostatistic limitations, strengths and challenges in biomarker discovery studies Discusses systems biology approaches and applications Includes expert chapter commentaries to further discuss relevance of techniques, summarize biological/clinical implications and provide alternative interpretations

“Dr. Dimitrov has constructed a masterpiece—a classic resource that should adorn the shelf of every counseling researcher and graduate student serious about the construction and validation of high quality research instruments. —Bradley T. Erford, PhD Loyola University Maryland Past President, American Counseling Association “This book offers a comprehensive treatment of the statistical models and methods needed to properly examine the psychometric properties of assessment scale data. It is certain to become a definitive reference for both novice and experienced researchers alike.” —George A. Marcoulides, PhD University of California, Riverside This instructive book presents statistical methods and procedures for the validation of assessment scale data used in counseling, psychology, education, and related fields. In Part I, measurement scales, reliability, and the unified construct-based model of validity are discussed, along with key steps in instrument development. Part II describes factor analyses in construct validation, including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and models of multitrait-multimethod data analysis. Traditional and Rasch-based analyses of binary and rating scales are examined in Part III. Dr. Dimitrov offers students, researchers, and clinicians step-by-step guidance on contemporary methodological principles, statistical methods, and psychometric procedures that are useful in the development or validation of assessment scale data. Numerous examples, tables, and figures provided throughout the text illustrate the underlying principles of measurement in a clear and concise manner for practical application. *Requests for digital versions from the ACA can be found on wiley.com. *To request print copies, please visit the ACA website.

A consolidated and comprehensive reference on ligand-binding assays Ligand-binding assays (LBAs) stand as the cornerstone of support for definition of the pharmaco-kinetics and toxicokinetics of macromolecules, an area of burgeoning interest in the pharmaceutical industry. Yet, outside of the Crystal City Conference proceedings, little guidance has been available for LBA validation, particularly for assays used to support macromolecule drug development. Ligand-Binding Assays: Development, Validation, and Implementation in the Drug Development Arena answers that growing need, serving as a reference text discussing critical aspects of the development, validation, and implementation of ligand-binding assays in the drug development field. Ligand-Binding Assays covers essential topics related to ligand-binding assays, from pharmacokinetic studies, the development of LBAs, assay validation, statistical LBA aspects, and regulatory aspects, to software for LBAs and robotics and other emerging methodologies for LBAs. Highlights include: A general discussion of challenges and proven approaches in the development of ligand-binding assays More detailed examination of characteristics of these assays when applied to support of pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies of compounds at different stages in the discovery or development timeline A concise, but detailed, discussion of validation of ligand-binding assays for macromolecules A practical approach to «fit-for-purpose» validation of assays for biomarkers, those molecules receiving increased attention as potentially demonstrating that the target chosen in discovery is being modulated by the candidate therapeutic, both in nonclinical and clinical studies Written by a team of world-recognized authorities in the field, Ligand-Binding Assays provides key information to a broad range of practitioners, both in the pharmaceutical and allied industries and in related contract research organizations and academic laboratories and, perhaps, even in the field of diagnostics and clinical chemistry.