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An Introduction to Models and Modeling in the Earth and Environmental Sciences offers students and professionals the opportunity to learn about groundwater modeling, starting from the basics. Using clear, physically-intuitive examples, the author systematically takes us on a tour that begins with the simplest representations of fluid flow and builds through the most important equations of groundwater hydrology. Along the way, we learn how to develop a conceptual understanding of a system, how to choose boundary and initial conditions, and how to exploit model symmetry. Other important topics covered include non-dimensionalization, sensitivity, and finite differences. Written in an eclectic and readable style that will win over even math-phobic students, this text lays the foundation for a successful career in modeling and is accessible to anyone that has completed two semesters of Calculus. Although the popular image of a geologist or environmental scientist may be the rugged adventurer, heading off into the wilderness with a compass and a hand level, the disciplines of geology, hydrogeology, and environmental sciences have become increasingly quantitative. Today’s earth science professionals routinely work with mathematical and computer models, and career success often demands a broad range of analytical and computational skills. An Introduction to Models and Modeling in the Earth and Environmental Sciencesis written for students and professionals who want to learn the craft of modeling, and do more than just run “black box” computer simulations.

Content

Actions in emergency situations

• Engine overheating actions
• Starting the engine from the battery of another car
• Fuse replacement
• Wheel replacement
• Towing a car

Daily checks and troubleshooting Instruction manual

• General information
• Locking and unlocking locks
• Seats and seat belts
• Instruments and controls

Precautions and safety rules when working on a car Basic tools, measuring instruments and methods of working with them

• Basic set of necessary tools
• Methods of working with measuring devices

Engine

• Technical specifications
• Petrol engines in volume of 1.3 l and 1.5 l (135)
• The petrol engine in volume of 1.5 l (4G1)
• The petrol engine in volume of 1.1 l (134)
• The diesel engine in volume of 1.5 l (639)
• Appendix to chapter

Power system

• Technical specifications
• Petrol engines in volume of 1.3 l and 1.5 l (135)
• The petrol engine in volume of 1.5 l (4G1)
• The diesel engine in volume of 1.5 l (639)
• Fuel supply system
• Appendix to chapter

Lubrication system

• Gasoline engines in volume of 1.3 l, 1.5 l (135) and 1.1 l (134)
• The petrol engine in volume of 1.5 l (4G1)
• The diesel engine in volume of 1.5 l (639)

Cooling system

• Technical specifications
• Basic work
• Thermostat
• Water pump
• Radiator

The intake and exhaust system

• Technical specifications
• Gasoline engines in volume of 1.3 l, 1.5 l (135) and 1.1 l (134)
• The petrol engine in volume of 1.5 l (4G1)
• The diesel engine in volume of 1.5 l (639)

Transmission

• Technical specifications
• Clutch
• Manual transmission
• Automatic transmission
• Appendix to chapter

Power shafts

• Technical specifications
• Removing and installing
• Disassembly and assembly
• Appendix to chapter

Chassis

• Technical specifications
• Front suspension
• Rear suspension
• Wheels and tires
• Appendix to chapter

Brake system

• Technical specifications
• Hydraulic drive
• Front brakes
• Rear brakes
• Parking brake
• Appendix to chapter

Steering

• Technical specifications
• Steering service
• Steering wheel and steering column
• Steering gear
• Appendix to chapter

Body

• Exterior
• Interior
• Doors
• Glasses
• Luke
• Body dimensions
• Appendix to chapter

Passive safety system

• Description
• Seat belts
• Airbags
• Disposing of system elements

Ventilation, air conditioning and heating system

• Technical specifications
• Heater and ventilation system
• Air conditioning (climate control)

Electrical equipment

• Starting system
• Charging system
• Ignition system (petrol)
• Preheating system (diesel)
• Headlamps
• Audio system

Electroschemes Explanatory dictionary

• Abbreviations

Полный вариант заголовка: «Models of letters : for the use od schools and private students : being an epitome of the large 8 volume, entitled, Elegant epistles : and containig Select letters from the best English authors : with many translated from the French, which have never appeared in any miscellaneous collection».

Decision making by the aircrafts services of the international airport, which provides for intensive traffic of aircraft and their ground handling, becomes a very topical issue. If earlier it was believed that the intensity is provided only by the number of runways, nowadays a large accumulation of aircraft on the airport platform-field creates equally complex difficulties in comparison with aircraft take-offs and landings. Solving such problems with the use of «crisp methods» of queuing theory gives little. This article deals with modern «fuzzy methods» based on simulation modeling and fuzzy logic.

A clear and comprehensive guide to financial modeling and valuation with extensive case studies and practice exercises Corporate and Project Finance Modeling takes a clear, coherent approach to a complex and technical topic. Written by a globally-recognized financial and economic consultant, this book provides a thorough explanation of financial modeling and analysis while describing the practical application of newly-developed techniques. Theoretical discussion, case studies and step-by-step guides allow readers to master many difficult modeling problems and also explain how to build highly structured models from the ground up. The companion website includes downloadable examples, templates, and hundreds of exercises that allow readers to immediately apply the complex ideas discussed. Financial valuation is an in-depth process, involving both objective and subjective parameters. Precise modeling is critical, and thorough, accurate analysis is what bridges the gap from model to value. This book allows readers to gain a true mastery of the principles underlying financial modeling and valuation by helping them to: Develop flexible and accurate valuation analysis incorporating cash flow waterfalls, depreciation and retirements, updates for new historic periods, and dynamic presentation of scenario and sensitivity analysis; Build customized spreadsheet functions that solve circular logic arising in project and corporate valuation without cumbersome copy and paste macros; Derive accurate measures of normalized cash flow and implied valuation multiples that account for asset life, changing growth, taxes, varying returns and cost of capital; Incorporate stochastic analysis with alternative time series equations and Monte Carlo simulation without add-ins; Understand valuation effects of debt sizing, sculpting, project funding, re-financing, holding periods and credit enhancements. Corporate and Project Finance Modeling provides comprehensive guidance and extensive explanation, making it essential reading for anyone in the field.

Use big data analytics to efficiently drive oil and gas exploration and production Harness Oil and Gas Big Data with Analytics provides a complete view of big data and analytics techniques as they are applied to the oil and gas industry. Including a compendium of specific case studies, the book underscores the acute need for optimization in the oil and gas exploration and production stages and shows how data analytics can provide such optimization. This spans exploration, development, production and rejuvenation of oil and gas assets. The book serves as a guide for fully leveraging data, statistical, and quantitative analysis, exploratory and predictive modeling, and fact-based management to drive decision making in oil and gas operations. This comprehensive resource delves into the three major issues that face the oil and gas industry during the exploration and production stages: Data management, including storing massive quantities of data in a manner conducive to analysis and effectively retrieving, backing up, and purging data Quantification of uncertainty, including a look at the statistical and data analytics methods for making predictions and determining the certainty of those predictions Risk assessment, including predictive analysis of the likelihood that known risks are realized and how to properly deal with unknown risks Covering the major issues facing the oil and gas industry in the exploration and production stages, Harness Big Data with Analytics reveals how to model big data to realize efficiencies and business benefits.