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Women’s participation in parliaments, high courts, and executiveoffices worldwide has reached record high numbers, but thisglobal increase in women’s representation masks significant variationamong different democratic political systems. For example, inDecember of 2009, Rwanda’s legislature contained 56% women,while the U.S. Congress contained only about 17% and the JapaneseDiet had only 11%. Since 2000, only twenty-seven womenhave achieved executive office worldwide. Contagious Representationis a comprehensive look at women’s participation in all aspectsof public life in the main democratic political institutions—the executive,the judiciary, the legislature, and within political parties. Moving beyond studies of single countries and institutions, ContagiousRepresentation presents original data from 159 democraticcountries spanning 50 years, providing a comprehensive understandingof women in democracies worldwide. The first volume tooffer an analysis on all avenues for women’s participation for sucha lengthy time period, Contagious Representation examines notonly the causes of women’s representation in the main democraticpolitical institutions but also how women’s representation in oneinstitution affects the others. Each chapter contains case studiesand examples of the change in women’s participation over timefrom around the world. Thames and Williams definitively explainthe rise, decline, or stagnant levels of women’s political participation,considering how representation is contagious across politicalinstitutions and gaining a better understanding of what factors affectwomen’s political participation.


On the cattle plague: or, Contagious typhus in horned cattle. Its history, origin, description, and treatment On the cattle plague: or, Contagious typhus in horned cattle. Its history, origin, description, and treatment

Автор: Bourguignon Honore

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The CSI Construction Product Representation Practice Guide The CSI Construction Product Representation Practice Guide

Автор: Construction Specifications Institute

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The must-have reference on construction product representation—and the essential study aid for the Certified Construction Product Representative (CCPR) Exam The CSI Practice Guides are a library of comprehensive references specifically and carefully designed for the construction professional. Each book examines important concepts and best practices integral to a particular aspect of the building process. The CSI Construction Product Representation Practice Guide is an authoritative resource for the principles and best practices of effective construction product representation. This easy-to-follow guide includes: Coverage of the construction process and the roles the construction product representative can play in it Information that clients require to select appropriate products to meet project requirements Knowledge, preparation, and use of construction documents The role the product representative plays in an Integrated Product Delivery (IPD) workflow Access to a password-protected website with bonus content, including a PDF of the printed book and copies of CSI format documents, such as UniFormat and SectionFormat/PageFormat The CSI Construction Product Representation Practice Guide is an essential resource for building product manufacturers, sales representatives, and related professionals and a valuable study aid to help prepare for the Certified Construction Product Representative (CCPR) Exam.


Representations of Jewish people in Canadian literature of the 1940s and 1950s Representations of Jewish people in Canadian literature of the 1940s and 1950s

Автор: Dominika Stasiak-Maziarz

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Shaping virtual lives. Online identities, representations, and conducts Shaping virtual lives. Online identities, representations, and conducts

Автор: Группа авторов

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Representation Representation

Автор: David Runciman

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What is representation? What does it mean when a politician represents citizens in government? How can citizens be represented beyond the boundaries of the nation-state? These are just some of the questions which will be answered by David Runciman and Monica Brito Vieira as they explain why representation should be understood as one of the key concepts in modern politics. The first part of the book examines the historical roots of the concept of representation, from its origins in ancient Rome through to its role in the revolutionary politics of the modern world. The second looks at different varieties of representation – in law as well as politics. The final part asks how the concept of representation can help us think creatively about current and future challenges facing the world. Representation is too often treated as a secondary or qualifying idea – as in the phrase ‘representative democracy’. This book argues that we have this the wrong way round. Representation is the foundational idea in almost all areas of our political life. Making sense of representation in its own terms is crucial for seeing why democracy functions the way it does, and for exploring how it might function differently.