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Настоящее издание посвящено шляпочным грибам порядков Boletales, Amanitales, Russulales. Описаны 232 вида и видовые формы, зарегистрированные на территории Республики Беларусь. Приводятся ключи для определения видов, родов, семейств. Дано полное описание макроскопических и микроскопических признаков видов. Включены сведения о распространении как на территории Беларуси, так и в мировом масштабе. Указана трофическая группа, местообитание, сроки образования базидиом, съедобность, охраняемость. Текст богато иллюстрирован рисунками и фотографиями. Книга предназначена для широкого круга специалистов в области микологии и ботаники, охраны природы, сельского и лесного хозяйства, для преподавателей вузов и студентов, а также всех тех, кто интересуется флорой Беларуси.

Offers a well-designed approach to imaging musculoskeletal trauma Medical imaging plays an important role in identifying fractures and helping the patient return to regular activities as soon as possible. But in order to identify the fracture, and describe all the relevant associated injuries, the radiologist first needs to understand normal anatomy and the mechanisms of fractures. Imaging Musculoskeletal Trauma reviews common fracture and dislocation mechanisms and provides up-to-date guidelines on the use and interpretation of imaging tests. Designed for use by professionals in radiology, orthopedics, emergency medicine, and sports medicine, this book offers a concise, systematic approach to imaging musculoskeletal trauma. Replete with easily accessible information, including well-designed tables and lists, the book features radiology report checklists for each anatomic site, numerous radiographs and CT and MRI images, simple illustrations for common fracture classification schemes, examples of common and serious injuries in the musculoskeletal system, and a chapter devoted to fracture complications—including complications relating to the use of hardware in treating injuries. This well-designed guide teaches professional and student users to: Identify normal anatomy relevant to interpretation in musculoskeletal studies Describe common fracture and dislocation mechanisms Describe fractures using appropriate terminology Recommend appropriate imaging studies for various clinical situations Use a systematic approach to interpret imaging studies Provide a clear and relevant radiology report Recognize complications associated with fractures and fracture treatment Complete with on-call issues, common traumas, and specially highlighted «do-not-miss» fractures, this is an invaluable resource for everyone involved with the imaging of musculoskeletal trauma.

Cutting-edge solutions to current problems in orthopedics, supported by modeling and numerical analysis Despite the current successful methods and achievements of good joint implantations, it is essential to further optimize the shape of implants so they may better resist extreme long-term mechanical demands. This book provides the orthopedic, biomechanical, and mathematical basis for the simulation of surgical techniques in orthopedics. It focuses on the numerical modeling of total human joint replacements and simulation of their functions, along with the rigorous biomechanics of human joints and other skeletal parts. The book includes: An introduction to the anatomy and biomechanics of the human skeleton, biomaterials, and problems of alloarthroplasty The definition of selected simulated orthopedic problems Constructions of mathematical model problems of the biomechanics of the human skeleton and its parts Replacement parts of the human skeleton and corresponding mathematical model problems Detailed mathematical analyses of mathematical models based on functional analysis and finite element methods Biomechanical analyses of particular parts of the human skeleton, joints, and corresponding replacements A discussion of the problems of data processing from nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and computer tomography This timely book offers a wealth of information on the current research in this field. The theories presented are applied to specific problems of orthopedics. Numerical results are presented and discussed from both biomechanical and orthopedic points of view and treatment methods are also briefly addressed. Emphasis is placed on the variational approach to the investigated model problems while preserving the orthopedic nature of the investigated problems. The book also presents a study of algorithmic procedures based on these simulation models. This is a highly useful tool for designers, researchers, and manufacturers of joint implants who require the results of suggested experiments to improve existing shapes or to design new shapes. It also benefits graduate students in orthopedics, biomechanics, and applied mathematics.

Exercise Therapy in the Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders covers the fundamentals of using exercise as a treatment modality across a broad range of pathologies including osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthropathies and osteoporosis. As well as offering a comprehensive overview of the role of exercise therapy, the book evaluates the evidence and puts it to work with practical ideas for the management of musculoskeletal disorders in different areas of the body, for differing pathologies and for a range of patients. Part 1 introduces the reader tothe role of exercise in managing musculoskeletal disorders and covers measurement and assessment. Part 2 looks at the regional application of exercise therapy with chapters on areas of the body such as the cervical spine, the shoulder complex and the knee. Part 3 examines specific populations: the developing child, the cardiac and respiratory patient, obesity and osteoporosis. Exercise Therapy in the Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders is an invaluable resource for student physiotherapists as well as clinicians designing rehabilitation programmes for their patients. KEY FEATURES Concise and comprehensive Team of expert contributors Offers practical guidance Evaluates the evidence

The topic of this book is the modeling of data uncertainty and knowledge for a health engineering problem such as the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. This is the first book on this subject. It begins with the state of the art in related topics such as data uncertainty, knowledge modeling, and the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system, followed by fundamental and theoretical aspects of this field. Clinically relevant applications of musculoskeletal system modeling are then introduced. The book finishes with a chapter on practical software and tools for knowledge modeling and reasoning purposes.