Скачать книгу - Ageing in Transient Tissues, Volumr 2

Passive Pulse Generators are circuits used to generate very high power electrical pulses. Such pulses find application in a wide range of disciplines, including plasma generation, gas laser physics and radar. * Includes two introductory chapters on techniques used to analyse passive pulse generators * Includes worked examples A valuable reference resource for specialist undergraduates, post graduate students and researchers active in the field og pulsed power and areas where pulsed power is applied, including physicists, engineers and those with an interest in waste and materials processing.

The simulation of electromagnetic transients is a mature field that plays an important role in the design of modern power systems. Since the first steps in this field to date, a significant effort has been dedicated to the development of new techniques and more powerful software tools. Sophisticated models, complex solution techniques and powerful simulation tools have been developed to perform studies that are of supreme importance in the design of modern power systems. The first developments of transients tools were mostly aimed at calculating over-voltages. Presently, these tools are applied to a myriad of studies (e.g. FACTS and Custom Power applications, protective relay performance, simulation of smart grids) for which detailed models and fast solution methods can be of paramount importance. This book provides a basic understanding of the main aspects to be considered when performing electromagnetic transients studies, detailing the main applications of present electromagnetic transients (EMT) tools, and discusses new developments for enhanced simulation capability. Key features: Provides up-to-date information on solution techniques and software capabilities for simulation of electromagnetic transients. Covers key aspects that can expand the capabilities of a transient software tool (e.g. interfacing techniques) or speed up transients simulation (e.g. dynamic model averaging). Applies EMT-type tools to a wide spectrum of studies that range from fast electromagnetic transients to slow electromechanical transients, including power electronic applications, distributed energy resources and protection systems. Illustrates the application of EMT tools to the analysis and simulation of smart grids.

This book aims to rehabilitate kinetic modeling in the domain of polymer ageing, where it has been almost abandoned by the research community. Kinetic modeling is a key step for lifetime prediction, a crucial problem in many industrial domains in which needs cannot be satisfied by the common empirical methods. The book proposes a renewed approach of lifetime prediction in polymer oxidative ageing. This approach is based on kinetic models built from relatively simple mechanistic schemes but integrating physical processes (oxygen diffusion and stabilizer transport), and use property (for instance mechanical failure) changes. An important chapter is dedicated to radiation-induced oxidation and its most important applications: radiochemical ageing at low dose rates and photo-chemical ageing under solar radiation. There is also a chapter devoted to the problem of ageing under coupled oxidation and mechanical loading.

Provides an original, detailed and practical description of current interruption transients, origins, and the circuits involved, and how they can be calculated Current Interruption Transients Calculationis a comprehensive resource for the understanding, calculation and analysis of the transient recovery voltages (TRVs) and related re-ignition or re-striking transients associated with fault current interruption and the switching of inductive and capacitive load currents in circuits. This book provides an original, detailed and practical description of current interruption transients, origins, and the circuits involved, and how they can be calculated and then analysed using only a hand calculator and a spreadsheet program. Key features: Detailed theory on all of the current interruption cases that can occur on a power system. Clear explanation on how to calculate transients, showing how four basic circuits can represent all transients and can be solved in general without any use of the ‘classical’ Laplace transform method. Series and parallel RLC circuit theory, followed by the calculation of pole factors using the symmetrical component method to derive the base power frequency components, with results applied to all the relevant transient cases. Fault current interruption and inductive and capacitive load current switching cases illustrated using real application examples. With its practical approach, this book offers engineers the tools they need when analysing circuit breaker applications. It will be of great interest to practicing engineers and electric utility staff involved in circuit breaker design, specification, testing, switchgear application, system operation and planning, and in particular, for engineers using simulation programs for transient calculations. It will also be useful for senior undergraduate and postgraduate electrical power engineering students looking to work in switchgear manufacturers and testing laboratories.