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Oxygen sensing is a key physiological function of many tissues, but the identity of the sensor, the signalling pathways linking the sensor to the effector, and the endpoint effector mechanisms are all subjects of controversy. This book evaluates the various mediators that have been proposed, including the mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidases, cytochrome p450 enzymes, and direct effects on enzymes and ion channels. There has been a resurgence of interest in the role of mitochondria, based partly on the ability of mitochondrial inhibitors to mimic hypoxia, but there is little consensus concerning mechanisms. Some favour the view that the primary signalling event is a reduction in cell redox state and reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to general inhibition of the electron transport chain (ETC); others support a key role for complex III of the ETC and an increase in ROS generation, while others doubt either of these components is the key intermediary. All these hypotheses are discussed in the book, together with conceptual problems concerning the ability of mitochondria to respond to physiological hypoxia. The other area of controversy covered in the book is the identity of the endpoint effector(s). Some authors favour K+ channel inhibition, followed by depolarization and Ca2+ entry via L-type channels, while others propose that release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, or capacitative Ca2+ entry and other voltage-independent pathways may be more important. The book also describes evidence for an endothelium-dependent Ca2+-sensitizing pathway involving Rho and possibly other kinases. While some of these differences can be attributed to variation between tissues, many must be related to differences in interpretation or methodology. In this book, experts in the field of acute oxygen sensing working in different tissues address these controversies and their possible origins, and discuss possible approaches whereby these controversies might be resolved. The book will be of great interest to all those working in fields where oxygen sensing is important, particularly cancer and wound healing, as well as researchers in drug discovery and biotechnology. Получить ссылку |
Phonics Pathways. Clear Steps to Easy Reading and Perfect Spelling
Автор: Dolores Hiskes G.
Год издания:
Teaches students of all ages the basics of phonics with a time-tested, foolproof method This tenth edition of the best-selling book teaches reading using sounds and spelling patterns. These sounds and patterns are introduced one at a time, and slowly built into words, syllables, phrases, and sentences. Simple step-by-step directions begin every lesson. Although originally designed for K-2 emergent readers, this award-winning book is also successfully being used with adolescent and adult learners, as well as second language learners and students with learning disabilities. Wise and humorous proverbs encourage virtues such as patience, perseverance, honesty, kindness, compassion, courage, and loyalty. Offers help for all students including those with learning disabilities or very short attention spans Includes extensive examples, word lists, and practice readings that are 100% decodable Uses a multisensory method that benefits all learning styles This bestselling, much-loved book offers a complete approach to teaching phonics and reading for a fraction of the cost of other programs.
Mobile Robots. Navigation, Control and Remote Sensing
Автор: Gerald Cook
Год издания:
An important feature of this book is the particular combination of topics included. These are (1) control, (2) navigation and (3) remote sensing, all with application to mobile robots. Much of the material is readily extended to any type ground vehicle. In the controls area, robot steering is the issue. Both linear and nonlinear models are treated. Various control schemes are utilized, and through these applications the reader is introduced to methods such as: (1) Linearization and use of linear control design methods for control about a reference trajectory, (2) Use of Lyapunov stability theory for nonlinear control design, (3) Derivation of optimal control strategies via Pontryagin’s maximum principle, (4) Derivation of a local coordinate system which is fundamental for the steering of vehicles along a path never before traversed. This local coordinate system has application regardless of the control design methods utilized. In the navigation area, various coordinate systems are introduced, and the transformations among them are derived. (1) The Global Positioning System (GPS) is introduced and described in significant detail. (2) Also introduced and discussed are inertial navigation systems (INS). These two methods are treated in terms of their ability to provide vehicle position as well as attitude. A preceding chapter is devoted to coordinate rotations and transformations since they play an important role in the understanding of this body of theory.
Urban Remote Sensing. Monitoring, Synthesis and Modeling in the Urban Environment
Автор: Xiaojun Yang
Год издания:
Urban Remote Sensing is designed for upper level undergraduates, graduates, researchers and practitioners, and has a clear focus on the development of remote sensing technology for monitoring, synthesis and modeling in the urban environment. It covers four major areas: the use of high-resolution satellite imagery or alternative sources of image date (such as high-resolution SAR and LIDAR) for urban feature extraction; the development of improved image processing algorithms and techniques for deriving accurate and consistent information on urban attributes from remote sensor data; the development of analytical techniques and methods for deriving indicators of socioeconomic and environmental conditions that prevail within urban landscape; and the development of remote sensing and spatial analytical techniques for urban growth simulation and predictive modeling.
Acute Medical Emergencies. The Practical Approach
Автор: Advanced Life Support Group (ALSG)
Год издания:
Acute Medical Emergencies is based on the popular Advanced Life Support Group course MedicALS (Medical Advanced Life Support) and is an invaluable resource for all doctors dealing with medical emergencies. This comprehensive guide deals with the medical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of acute emergencies. Its structured approach teaches the novice how to assess and recognise a patient in an acute condition, and how to interpret vital symptoms such as breathlessness and chest or abdominal pain. There are separate sections on interpretation of investigations, and procedures for managing the emergency. It covers procedures for acute emergencies occurring anywhere – on hospital wards or beyond. The clarity of the text, including simple line illustrations, ensure its tried and tested procedures provide clear, concise advice on recognition and management of medical emergencies.
Biosensing Using Nanomaterials
Автор: Arben Merkoci
Год издания:
An interdisciplinary approach to one of the hottest topics in nanotechnology and nanoscience Biosensing Using Nanomaterials introduces novel concepts in the area of bioanalysis based on nanomaterials, opening new opportunities for basic research and new tools for real bioanalytical applications. In fifteen chapters, readers are introduced to the most successful nanomaterials used so far in biosensing, including carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanochannels. Each chapter provides a theoretical overview of the topic, a discussion of the published data relating to the bioanalytical system, and a selected list of references for further investigation. The result is a book that provides a comprehensive forum of interest to scientists, engineers, researchers, manufacturers, teachers, and students. Biosensing Using Nanomaterials is an important resource for a broad audience involved in the research, teaching, learning, and practice of integrating nanomaterials into biosensing systems for clinical, environmental, and industrial applications.
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